There are a number of ways that you can reduce the risk of infection with HIV or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There are also a number of myths that you should be aware of.

The truth

THT advises that:

• If you use condoms properly you can enjoy all kinds of sex and put you and your partner at little risk.
• Not all sex has to involve penetration: non-penetrative sex (with no penetration of the anus, mouth or vagina) can have a lower risk of transmission of HIV and a lot of other STIs, and can be just as much fun.
• Be aware of the transmission routes of HIV and STIs: this will help you know what risks you are taking, and put you in a better position to decide what you want to do.
• Preparation can help: if you carry condoms when you go out then you’ll never be in the situation where you need them but don’t have them.
• If you’re having oral sex then use a barrier to lower risks of transmission.
• If you’re using a sex toy then put a fresh condom onto it between partners or use one toy per partner.
• Wash sex toys with warm, soapy water when you’ve finished using them.

You should also learn to be aware of your own behaviour and how this puts you at risk. This can help you to plan in advance and reduce the risks. For example, if you tend to drink a lot when you go out and then wake up with regrets, then learn to alternate alcoholic and soft drinks when you are out socialising. But be realistic: it can be hard to change all your behaviour patterns overnight, so take one step at a time.

Sometimes it helps to be direct and discuss with your partner the measures that you’re going to take to keep sex safer. It’s easy to make assumptions about what risks other people want to take. Your partner may be relieved that you’ve taken the initiative as they might be making assumptions about you too, or maybe they’ve just got carried away in the heat of the moment. Starting a dialogue is the first step: over time you’ll learn negotiation skills that will make it easier.

The myths

Reducing your risk is all about getting a clear picture so that you know what you’re doing and what risks you’re taking. Make sure you use reputable information to make your decisions.

HIV has all kinds of myths associated with it, such as:

• HIV is only transmitted if you or your partner has an orgasm.
• If you’re the insertive partner then you can’t become positive from the person being penetrated.
• Withdrawing from your partner before ejaculation prevents transmission.

None of these statements is true.

It's worth getting good quality information so you can separate the truth from the rumours, and make good judgements about your risks.